| 1 |
の |
| 1. syllable. (ja-kana-def) | no |
| 2. part. genitive case marker | |
| 3. part. indicates possession: of, -'s | |
| 私 の 意見 - my opinion | |
| 4. part. indicates identity or apposition | |
| 2 |
に |
| 1. syllable. (ja-kana-def) | ni |
| 2. part. (with nouns) | |
| 3. part. (ngd, particle for indirect objects); to | |
| 俺に返せ。 - Give it back to me. | |
| 4. part. (ngd, particle for location); in, at | |
| 3 |
する |
| 1. v. (intransitive) | suru |
| 2. v. (q, of inanimate objects) to exist; to come up | |
| 稲光がする - Lightning occurred. | |
| におい が する - There is a smell. | |
| 3. v. (q, of a specified state; of a specified quality) to exist q, in someone or something | |
| 4 |
は |
| 1. syllable. (ja-kana-def) | ha |
| 2. part. non-gloss, unique topic marker, often untranslatable | |
| これは犬です。 - This the topic, about which we are speaking is a dog. | |
| 今日は雨ですね。 - It seems like it is raining today. | |
| 今日は雨が降っています。 - literally As for today, rain is falling. | |
| 5 |
を |
| 1. syllable. (obsolete except as a particle) (ja-kana-def) | o |
| 2. part. (A case particle.) | |
| 3. part. (with transitive verb) An (accusative case particle: a grammatical marker following the direct object of a verb.) | |
| 私がリンゴを食べる。 - I eat an apple. | |
| 私をリンゴが食べる。 - An apple eats me. | |
| 6 |
が |
| 1. syllable. (ja-kana-def) | ga |
| 2. part. Indicates the subject of a sentence. | |
| 猫が餌を食べた。 - The cat is the thing that ate the cat food. | |
| 犬がいる。 - There is a dog. | |
| 木がある。 - There is a tree. | |
| 7 |
と |
| 1. syllable. (ja-kana-def) | to |
| 2. part. with | |
| 僕 と 行きたい？ - Do you want to go with me? | |
| あなた と 一緒 に 行きます。 - I will go with you. | |
| 3. part. (when between nouns) and | |
| 8 |
年 |
| 1. counter. years | nen |
| 2. n. a year | |
| 年に一度 - once a year | |
| 3. suffix. a grade, a school year | |
| 彼 は 中学 ２年 だ。 - He's in the second year in junior high school. | |
| 9 |
で |
| 1. syllable. (ja-kana-def) | de |
| 2. part. at: indicating a location at which something happens | |
| ここで休みたい。 - I want to rest here (at this location). | |
| 3. part. with, by, using: indicating the means by or with which something happens | |
| 筆ペンで書く - to write with a brush pen | |
| 10 |
だ |
| 1. syllable. (ja-kana-def) | da |
| 2. v. (auxiliary) (Following parts of speech that do not inflect by themselves, including nouns, na-adjectives, adverbs and postpositional phrases.) | |
| 3. v. to be | |
| 彼は無実だ。 - He is innocent. | |
| 冬休みは明日からだ。 - Winter vacation is from tomorrow. (Winter vacation starts from tomorrow.) | |
| 11 |
月 |
| 1. n. the moon | tsuki |
| (syn-lite, ja, sc=Jpan, 太陰, tr=taiin, ムーン, tr2=mūn) | |
| 2. n. (astronomy) a natural satellite | |
| 3. n. moonlight, moonbeam | |
| (syn-lite, ja, sc=Jpan, 月光, tr=gekkō, 月影, tr2=tsukikage) | |
| 12 |
も |
| 1. syllable. (ja-kana-def) | mo |
| 2. part. (q, non-unique topic marker) | |
| 3. part. too; also; as well | |
| 田中さんはビールを飲んでいる。スミスさんも飲んでいる。 - Tanaka is drinking beer. Smith is also drinking. | |
| 本日もご来店くださいまして、ありがとうございます。 - Thank you for visiting our store today as well as other days. | |
| 13 |
から |
| 1. part. from, out of | kara |
| 東京から帰った。 - He returned from Tokyo. | |
| ずっと前からの話 - a conversation from way back | |
| 地下室からのふしぎな旅 - a mysterious journey (starting) from the basement | |
| 2. part. after (following て-form verbs) | |
| 14 |
日 |
| 1. counter. ordinal day of a month | nichi |
| ２７日 - the 27th | |
| 2. counter. number of days | |
| 誕生日まであと１２日だ - My birthday is in 12 days. | |
| 3. counter. Usage: Sometimes shortened to (l-lite, ja, sc=Jpan, んち, tr=-nchi) or l-lite, ja, sc=Jpan, ち, tr=-chi. | |
| 15 |
成る |
|
| 16 |
こと |
| 1. n. broadly, any abstract thing, affair, matter, or fact | koto |
| 2. n. a thing, occasion, circumstances, detail, particular | |
| 些細な事だ。 - It is a trivial matter. | |
| いやしくもなすに足る事なら立派にやるだけの価値がある。 - If a thing is worth doing at all, it is worth doing well. | |
| お前のことが好きだ。 - masculine speech | |
| 17 |
有る |
|
| 18 |
よる |
| 1. v. よる: to be based on, to depend on, to be due to - (at most case) | yoru |
| 2. v. 拠る: to be based on, to depend on | |
| 3. v. 因る: to be due to | |
| 4. v. 寄る: to drop by, to stop at | |
| 5. v. Usage: The senses (senseno, ja, 拠る, -) and senseno, ja, 因る, - are usually written in hiragana. | |
| 19 |
や |
| 1. syllable. (ja-kana-def) | ya |
| 2. part. and/or | |
| おとしよりや体の不自由な方は登録しませんか。 - Don’t seniors and the physically handicapped and others register? | |
| 最近は犬や猫を飼っている人は多い - recently, many people are raising animals like dogs and/or cats | |
| 3. part. Usage: * Used to conjoin nouns | |
| 20 |
など |
| 1. adv. how, in what way | nado |
| 2. part. 等: for example, things like, such as, etc., and so on | |
| 納豆や歌舞伎などは日本だけにある。 - Things like natto and kabuki are only in Japan. | |
| 3. part. Usage: * | |
