olla |
1. v. (copular) To be (indicating that the subject and the complement of the verb form the same thing). | |
Minä olen onnellinen. | |
I am happy. | |
Minä olen lääkäri. | |
I am a doctor. | |
2. v. (intransitive) To be (to occupy a place). | |
Minä olen kotona. | |
I am at home. | |
3. v. (copular) To be, constitute, make up, form. | |
Tuo on maanpetos. | |
That constitutes (high) treason. | |
4. v. (intransitive) ~ (olemassa) = to exist — the subject often indefinite = in partitive case -> verb in 3rd-pers. singular | |
Rakkautta ei ole (olemassa). | |
Love doesn't exist. | |
5. v. (intransitive) To behave, act (as if...) (when followed by a subordinate clause beginning with (ikään,) kuin, requiring conditional mood). | |
Hän oli (ikään), kuin ei olisi huomannut mitään. | |
He behaved as if he hadn't noticed anything. | |
6. v. To have (a verb to build active present perfect tense and active past perfect tense, taking active past participle, ending -nut/-nyt (singular) or -neet (pl.)). | |
Olen jo syönyt tänään. | |
I have already eaten today. | |
Olemme jo syöneet tänään. | |
We have already eaten today. | |
Olin jo syönyt. | |
I had already eaten. | |
Olimme jo syöneet. | |
We had already eaten. | |
7. v. To have (a verb to build impersonal simple past tense, impersonal passive present perfect tense and impersonal passive past perfect tense, taking passive past participle, ending -tu/-ty). | |
Aamiainen oli jo syöty. | |
Breakfast had already been eaten. | |
8. v. (intransitive) adessive + 3rd-pers. singular + nominative/partitive/accusative = to have; to own, to possess. | |
Minulla on/oli/on ollut kissa (nom.). (when in positive sentences, countable nouns in nominative) | |
I have/had/have had a cat. | |
Minulla ei ole kissaa (part.). (when in negative sentences, countable nouns in partitive) | |
I don't have a cat. | |
Minulla on/oli/on ollut sinut (acc.). (when in positive sentences, personal pronouns in accusative) | |
I have/had/have had you. | |
Minulla ei ole/ei ollut/ei ole ollut sinua (part.). (when in negative sentences, personal pronouns in partitive) | |
I don't have/didn't have/haven't had you. | |
Minulla on/ei ole rahaa (part.). (singular uncountable nouns in partitive in both positive and negative sentences) | |
I have/don't have money. | |
Minulla on valta (nom.). (with an uncountable noun in nominative, the meaning or nuance of the sentence changes:) | |
I've got the power. | |
9. v. (intransitive) missä + 3rd-pers. singular + nominative/partitive = there is / are + subject + where? | |
Pöydällä on kissa. (when in positive sentences, singular countable nouns in nominative) | |
There is a cat on the table. | |
Pöydällä ei ole kissaa. (when in negative sentences, singular countable nouns in partitive) | |
There is no cat on the table. | |
Pöydällä on/ei ole kissoja. (plural countable nouns in partitive in both positive and negative sentences) | |
There are (some) cats / There are no cats on the table. | |
Lattialla on/ei ole rahaa. (singular uncountable nouns in partitive in both positive and negative sentences) | |
There is (some) / There is no money on the floor. | |
10. v. (intransitive) genitive + 3rd-pers. singular + passive present participle, -tava/-tävä = to have to do something, must do something; be obliged/forced to do something. | |
Minun (gen.) on nyt mentävä. | |
I have to go now. | |
Minun on palautettava kirja kirjastoon perjantaihin mennessä. | |
I have to return the book to the library by Friday. | |
that same in passive: nominative/accusative + 3rd-pers. singular + passive present participle, -tava/-tävä = to have to be done, must be done. | |
Kirja (nom.) on palautettava kirjastoon perjantaihin mennessä. (countable nouns in nominative) | |
The book has to be returned to the library by Friday. | |
Onko sinut (acc.) hiljennettevä pakolla? (personal pronouns in accusative) | |
Do I have to make you shut your mouth? (literally: Do you have to be quietened by force?) | |