The Chinese word for vegetable is
蔬菜

shū cài

Chinese Definition

vegetable
1. 名词. 蔬菜
2. 名词. 例如：baby bok choy, Chinese broccoli, eggplant, green onion, napa cabbage, water spinach, zuccini
Components
蔬
1. vegetables; greens
菜
1. vegetable; greens
蔬菜 - vegetables -
白菜 - Chinese cabbage -
菠菜 - spinach -
2. (specifically, in compounds) rape; rapeseed (plant used for vegetable oil)
3. 菜籽 - rapeseed -
4. 菜油 - rapeseed oil -
5. dish; course
這道菜很對胃口。 - This dish is tasty.
每次他來這兒r，他都點同樣的菜。 - Whenever he comes to this place, he orders the same dish.
我在考慮我晚飯做什麼菜。 - I'm wondering what to cook for dinner.
6. cuisine; (type of) food
川菜 - Sichuan cuisine -
^日本菜 - Japanese food -
7. grocery
買菜 - to buy groceries -
菜市場 - farmers' market -
8. (colloquial) (one's) type; cup of tea
他是我的菜！ - He is my type!
9. (colloquial) bad; inferior; disappointing; below average
菜鳥 - noob -
我好菜啊。 - I'm so inferior to others.
菜英文 - poor English (pun on the name of Taiwanese president Tsai Ing-wen)
10. (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) girlfriend
Cai; Tsai

蔬菜
1. n. vegetable; greens
種zhòng植蔬菜 - to plant vegetables
綠葉蔬菜 - leafy greens

青菜
1. n. bok choy; pak choi
2. n. rapeseed
3. n. any green vegetable; greens
4. n. (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) spinach

植物
1. n. (botany) plant; vegetation; flora
觀賞植物 - ornamental plant
植物材料 - plant material
植物育種者權利 - plant breeder’s rights
2. adj. (medicine, attributive) vegetative
植物狀態 - vegetative state