Common Russian Words

A list of the most common Russian words ordered by their frequency of use. You can use this list to learn words efficiently, ensuring you cover the basic vocabulary of Russian.

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1	и
1. Letter. The tenth letter of the Russian Cyrillic alphabet. Its name is и (i) and is usually pronounced /i/, but unstressed or after certain consonants it merges with ы into /ɪ/. It is preceded by З and follow		i
2. conj. and
Вот я́блоко и гру́ша., Here’s an apple and a pear.
3. conj. as well as, both ... and ...
Росси́и нужны́ и а́рмия, и фло́т., Russia needs an army as well as a navy.
2	в
1. prep. (location) in, at, on (+ prepositional case)		v
Он в театре (on v teátre) — He’s at (in) the theater.
2. prep. (direction) to, into (+ accusative case)
Он идёт в театр (on idyót v teátr) — He’s going to (into) the theater.
3. prep. (time) at, in, on
3	не	©
1. part. (negative in full) not, no, -n't, without		ne
Он не зна́ет (vsjo bólʹše i bólʹše) - He does not know.
не долете́в до це́ли (vsjo bólʹše i bólʹše) - without reaching the target
он не ге́ний (vsjo bólʹše i bólʹše) - he is no genius
Не де́лай э́того! (Ne délaj étovo!) - Don’t do it!
4	на	©
1. prep. accusative case (sense, movement towards)		na
2. prep. onto, on
на стол (Što oná govorít?) - onto the table
3. prep. to, toward
на по́чту (Što oná govorít?) - to the post office
5	быть	©
1. v. to be		bytʹ
Так бы́ло, так есть и так бу́дет всегда́! (sam sebé golová) - So it was, so it is, and so it will always be! from the Hymn of the Russian Federation
6	он	©
1. pron. third-person masculine singular pronoun: he, it.		on
7	с
1. Letter. The nineteenth letter of the Russian Cyrillic alphabet. Its name is эс (IPAchar, (ɛs)) and it has the sound of English s. It is preceded by Р and followed by Т.		s
2. prep. with (+ instrumental case)
с братом (s brátom) — with my brother
со всеми (so vsémi) — with everybody
со мной (so mnoj) — with me
8	что	©
1. conj. that		čto
2. pron. what
3. pron. that, which
9	а
1. Letter. The first letter of the Russian Cyrillic alphabet. It is followed by the letter б (b).		a
2. Letter. The name of the Roman letter A, a in Russian.
3. conj. but, and (introduces a new or different meaning).
Сего́дня тепло́, а вчера́ бы́ло хо́лодно — It is warm today, but yesterday it was cold.
Это не я́блоко, а гру́ша — This is not an apple, but a pear.
10	по	©
1. prep. with accusative case		po
2. prep. up to
3. prep. till
4. prep. indicates distribution (with numbers other than one, a thousand, a million, a billion)
по́ два (две) / по две́сти - 1
11	это	©
1. pron. demonstrative pronoun: this, it, that		eto
Мне э́то нра́вится! (Sláva bógu, što oní dobrálisʹ tudá v celósti i soxránnosti!) - I like it! or I like that!
2. pron. neuter form of этот: this; compare этот/эта/эти and тот/то/та/те
Э́то яйцо́ — све́жее, а вот э́то — ту́хлое. (Sláva bógu, što oní dobrálisʹ tudá v celósti i soxránnosti!) - This egg is fresh, and this one is rotten.
3. part. Used as subject: it (is), this (is), that (is), these (are), those (are).
12	она	©
1. pron. third-person feminine singular pronoun: she, it.		ona
2. pron. third-person feminine singular objective pronoun: her, it.
Да как же она, так и говорит? (Da kak že oná, tak i govorít?) — What is she like? Does she talk?
Её нет дома (Jejó net dóma, genitive) — She’s not home.
Ей не спится (Jej ne spítsja, dative) — She is unable to sleep.
13	этот	©
1. pron. this, these		etot
2. pron. it
3. pron. this one
4. pron. that
14	к
1. Letter. The twelfth letter of the Russian Cyrillic alphabet. Its name is ка (ka) and it has the sound of English k. It is preceded by Й and followed by Л.		k
2. prep. to, toward
к дом, дому — to the house
к бра́ту, to (my) brother, inline=y
ко я, мне — to me
15	они	©
1. pron. third-person plural pronoun: they.		oni
16	мы	©
1. pron. first-person plural, nominative case: we		my
2. pron. (only when used with с): I
мы с тобой — you and me
мы с сестрой — me and my sister
17	как	©
1. adv. how		kak
Как он э́то сде́лал? (vo vsjom míre) - How did he do it?
Как дела́? (vo vsjom míre) - How are things?
Как пройти́ на по́чту? (vo vsjom míre) - Can you tell me the way to the post office?
2. adv. what
18	из	©
1. prep. from		iz
Он приезжа́ет из Москвы́, He comes from Moscow.
2. prep. out of
изде́лие из тка́ни, a product (that is) made out of cloth
оди́н из ста, one out of a hundred
19	который
1. pron. (interrogative pronoun) which?		kotoryj
2. pron. (relative pronoun) which, that, who
20	то	©
1. pron. that (neuter singular of тот).		to
то же — the same
к тому́ (же) — in addition, moreover
ни то ни сё — neither fish nor fowl
ни с того́ ни с сего́ — all of a sudden; without any visible reason

Dictionary entries from Wiktionary