A list of the most common Japanese words ordered by their frequency of use. You can use this list to learn words efficiently, ensuring you cover the basic vocabulary of Japanese.
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1
の
1. syllable. (ja-kana-def)
no
2. part. genitive case marker
3. part. indicates possession: of, -'s
私 の 意見 - my opinion
4. part. indicates identity or apposition
2
に
1. syllable. (ja-kana-def)
ni
2. part. (with nouns)
3. part. (ngd, particle for indirect objects); to
俺に返せ。 - Give it back to me.
4. part. (ngd, particle for location); in, at
3
する
1. v. (intransitive)
suru
2. v. (q, of inanimate objects) to exist; to come up
稲光がする - Lightning occurred.
におい が する - There is a smell.
3. v. (q, of a specified state; of a specified quality) to exist q, in someone or something
4
は
1. syllable. (ja-kana-def)
ha
2. part. non-gloss, unique topic marker, often untranslatable
これは犬です。 - This the topic, about which we are speaking is a dog.
今日は雨ですね。 - It seems like it is raining today.
今日は雨が降っています。 - literally As for today, rain is falling.
5
を
1. syllable. (obsolete except as a particle) (ja-kana-def)
o
2. part. (A case particle.)
3. part. (with transitive verb) An (accusative case particle: a grammatical marker following the direct object of a verb.)
私がリンゴを食べる。 - I eat an apple.
私をリンゴが食べる。 - An apple eats me.
6
が
1. syllable. (ja-kana-def)
ga
2. part. Indicates the subject of a sentence.
猫が餌を食べた。 - The cat is the thing that ate the cat food.
犬がいる。 - There is a dog.
木がある。 - There is a tree.
7
と
1. syllable. (ja-kana-def)
to
2. part. with
僕 と 行きたい？ - Do you want to go with me?
あなた と 一緒 に 行きます。 - I will go with you.
3. part. (when between nouns) and
8
年
1. counter. years
nen
2. n. a year
年に一度 - once a year
3. suffix. a grade, a school year
彼 は 中学 ２年 だ。 - He's in the second year in junior high school.
9
で
1. syllable. (ja-kana-def)
de
2. part. at: indicating a location at which something happens
ここで休みたい。 - I want to rest here (at this location).
3. part. with, by, using: indicating the means by or with which something happens
筆ペンで書く - to write with a brush pen
10
だ
1. syllable. (ja-kana-def)
da
2. v. (auxiliary) (Following parts of speech that do not inflect by themselves, including nouns, na-adjectives, adverbs and postpositional phrases.)
3. v. to be
彼は無実だ。 - He is innocent.
冬休みは明日からだ。 - Winter vacation is from tomorrow. (Winter vacation starts from tomorrow.)
